目标:英文阅读难度达到高级(kindle 测试)

当前的英语水平

自我评价
阅读:中等偏上
翻译:中等
听力:中等偏上(有变弱的趋势)
写作:中等偏下(发挥不稳定,练习太少)
口语发音:中等偏上
口语流利度:弱(短板 = =)

客观测试
1.英语流利说水平定级测试:LV5 中级

LV4 过四六级;LV6 雅思6.5 托福85;LV7 雅思7.5 托福105;LV8 最棒

2.kindle 阅读测试:中级
中级文章游刃有余,中高级文章偶尔有点勉强,高级文章需要借助词典,有些句子不理解


对学习英语的认知

Q1:怕不怕看英文?

不怕。
长文也行,不怕生词多,但是生词如果太多会很影响速度和理解,然后会觉得不开心

Q2:学英文必须先背单词吗?

不是。
不要陷入背单词然后放弃的情况。
直接大量阅读即可,挑那些影响到我理解全文的重要单词进行记忆。
(有种学习方法叫透析法,一页书或一篇文章里的生词,只挑一个你觉得最重要的记忆)

单词虽然是基础,不可否认它的重要性,但是在已有一定量的情况下,单词量不够已经不是主要矛盾了。
在中后期,看不懂的单词占全文的比例还是较低的,即便不认识,也能通过上下文来理解,这样记住的单词自动包含语境,你理解的就不只是独立的单词了。

我的高中英语老师教单词时,都是单词、读音、各种时态、延伸单词、词组、例句,围绕着这个单词来扩展学习,然后课文和课后作业又会重现,这个单词的用法和语义就明白了。

我觉得这里的关键是「我对这个单词的印象和联想」
英文中同一个意思的词和词组有很多,但是他们各有性格,各有所长。这是很有趣的事情。绝不仅是拿着单词书狂背就能做到的理解。

Q3:我目前的主要难点在于?

有些可怕的长难句,让我很挫败 = =
有些俚语或者涉及到文化、事件的暗指时,难理解、难搜索。
虽然不畏惧读英文,可还是习惯百度而不是 google,潜意识还是想选容易的。
生活和工作用英文的机会少,除了自己打鸡血,缺乏强大的学习动机。
对生词,我总是想全部记录,但这是很没必要的。

Q4:我能指望老师全盘帮助我吗?

不可能。
没有任何一个培训班、老师,能让我无压力无练习地提升英语水平。
一个好老师能做到的最大价值,就是令学生对英文有发自内心的学习兴趣,教授一个好的学习方法,提供适宜的学习材料,在学生需要提点的时候给予适当的指引。剩下的还是需要学生自己完成。
而以上这些,除了来自老司机的指引(那种针对性的指导),其余我都能靠自己完成。
信心,自己给;学习方法,看奶爸和各种英语学习指导书;工具,下面我会列很多;学习材料,我有不少经典教材和资源;毅力,找到动力、明确意义、把计划写入日程表后,我会完成的。
Take a chance ~

Q5:怎么样的口语水平算强,怎么判断?

流利度,还有地道不地道。
就跟说中文一样,不必长篇大论,只需要用词精准、说的到位就好。不要磕磕盼盼地。
引用奶爸的一段话:

口语一般分成了三个层面,一个是交际层面,没事拽一口 how are you doing 的,一个则是表达层面,能够滔滔不绝表述自己的思想观点,最后一个则是反击层面——用英文反驳他人。
你觉得自己口语很好了?我建议你做个小小的留意,看看自己说话时候,能否有意识的使用 what, which 等从句并且和简单句穿插以造成句式多样化来增强自己语言的气势和情绪感染力?能否有意识的使用虚拟语气并不出错?
很多人说话看似很流利,但 what which 之类的从句结构一个都没用过,或者一用就错,而事实上再白痴低幼的美剧电影里,角色仍然免不得说很懂复合句,因为这样会让话语的表意更加简洁和清楚,而且对于表达和情绪感染更有力,而一味的只使用简单句,会显得人很蠢,没受过教育,但是如果只知道依据语法规则生造复合句,又会显的英文很笨重,冗长而又无趣,所以必须找到一个平衡点——这需要有非常好的英文基础才能做到。
并不是口语说溜了就是 fluent,而是在口头和书面表达时,能极其熟练地使运常用词汇、短语、搭配,在表达某一特定意思时,以 native speaker 使用频率最高的一种或几种方式,自如表达,这样才算 fluent。
严格来说,讲得再溜,写得再快,语法再完美,但是用法不合乎习惯,语体选择不合适,那就是没有做到 fluent。
—— 奶爸 Sam

Q6:怎么看待英美剧、英文报刊对英语水平的帮助?

我觉得他们属于锦上添花的东西,并不是对提高英语最有帮助的材料。
教材和它们相比,要更系统和浓缩。在有一定基础的情况下,英美剧、英文报刊就像课外读物一样能丰富语料库,见识更多更灵活的表达。而如果读这些很吃力,企图通过硬啃这些东西,其实难度较大而且很费事。
如果自己愿意,其实也行的。只不过大多数人以为这是捷径,我觉得可能会让他们失望。


那我学习英文的动力是?

我知道英文学好了,对我很有帮助

  1. 我想让自己的视野更宽广,而英语是我有力的工具
  2. 一些场合,尤其是高端的演讲,嘉宾是外国人,我需要听懂并最好能无障碍交流
  3. 很多国外网站、一手文献或书籍,都是英文的,阅读原文和阅读译文感觉不一样
  4. 当一个机会要求英文很棒的时候,英文水平至少不会拖后腿
  5. 不想辜负 Alex Song 的教导
  6. 玩游戏不用等汉化(其实现在也不用等 哈哈哈,但是希望更轻松点)
  7. 一些有趣的高质量的英文播客,也能在碎片时间有效输入(听得懂才能有效输入)
  8. 直接上 Wikipedia 还有 Google,以及技术官方文档
  9. 看 TED、Coursera 等无需等汉化,作业也直接交英文的,真正利用好国际化的资源

我学习英文的资源有哪些?

  1. 图书馆里海量的英文原版书,我也买了很多英文电子书,之前囤了不少英文电子书
  2. 朱伟的恋恋有词
  3. 赖世雄语音语调
  4. 张道真英语语法大全

英文报刊

  • China Daily(中国日报网:1W5 词汇量)
  • Foreign Policy(外交政策:经常报道中国情况,用词简单)
  • Reuters(路透社:官网文章只有通稿和快讯,简单易看懂)
  • Harvard Business Review(哈佛商业周刊:我很喜欢)
  • CNN(美国有线电视新闻网:对中国的分析比较偏颇,观点犀利)
  • BBC(英国广播公司:题材接地气,但也很喜欢喷中国)
  • The New York Times(纽约时报:平易近人,经常报道中国)
  • The Guardian(英国卫报:英国报纸里最热衷报道中国的)
  • Financial Times(金融时报:需收费,质量极高,句子不会太复杂,也有针对中国的报道)
  • The Economist(经济学人:文笔好,但高冷、喜好反讽,China 和 Banya 专栏较好)
  • South China Morning Post(香港南华早报:香港最大的英文报纸,读者以政界、商界高层人士为主,语言地道,收费)
  • Evanosnos(中国来信:大记者 欧逸文 Evan Osnos 的博客,另外可以搜一下 何伟 Peter Hessler)
  • Forbes(福布斯中国)
  • MIT Technology Review(MIT科技商机)
  • News Week(新闻周刊:2W 词汇量)
  • The Wall Street Journal(华尔街日报:平易近人)
  • Time(时代周刊:难)
  • The New Yorker(纽约客:难)

英文原版书

  • Beyond Feelings:A guide to critical thinking(Vincent Ryan Rucgiero)
  • Asking the right questions:A guide to critical thinking(M. Neil Browne、Stuart M. Keeley)
  • A rulebook for arguments(Anthony Weston)
  • Arguementation:The study of effective reasoning(David Zarefsky)
  • Whaddaya say(朗文生活美语课程)
  • Goose bump 或 Magic Tree House 或 Boxcar
  • Market Leader 一套教材(朗文出版社)
  • A little bit of everything(傻瓜丛书)
  • 牛津通识读本(例如 Modern China、River Town三部曲,China Airborne、Factory Girls、Poorly Made in China、One Billion Customers、Red Capitalism、Postcards from Tomorrow Square)
  • 这几位作家的书:Sidney Sheldon、James Hadley Chase、Erle Stanley Gardner、James Patterson、Nicholas Sparks、John Green

视频

  • 赖世雄美语音标
  • The American Pronunciation Workshop
  • The American Accent Course
  • Master Spoken English
  • American Accent Training
  • commencement speech(毕业典礼演讲)
  • business speech(商业演讲)
  • inauguration speech(就职演讲)
  • TED
  • 历史上的经典的演讲和文人演讲
  • 美剧《波士顿法律》中的结案陈词

我手中的资源够吗?

显然太多了。
其实我只要坚持三个原则:

  1. 不要事无巨细地记忆,挑我更有可能用到的单词、词组、句子来记
  2. 只看跟自己有关的原版书,不要勉强自己去看所谓的好素材,关键是对我有用
  3. 尝试扔掉各种工具,只用 kindle 的内置词典和纸笔积累

但还是想买这些书

  • 《牛津英语用法指南》斯旺
  • 《葛传槼英语惯用法词典》
  • 《英语阅读参考手册》叶永昌
  • 《英语常用词疑难用法手册》陈用仪
  • 《英语词缀与英语派生词》李平武
  • 《英语词根与单词说文解字》李平武
  • 《English in Use》剑桥语法系列
  • 《Writing on Well》
  • 《Word Power Made Easy》
  • 《Webster Vocabulary Builder》
  • 《Roget's 21st Century Theasaurus》
  • 《语法俱乐部》旋元佑
  • 《经典英语语法》赖世雄
  • 《英语口语句型》陈昆才
  • 朗文无师自通英语词典
  • 牛津短语动词词典
  • English Grammar Workbook for Dummies
  • Betty Azar 朗文英语语法三部曲
  • Key Words for Fluency 的三本 Pre-Intermediate、Intermediate、Upper Intermediate
  • English Phrasal Verbs in Use (Michael McCarthy Felicity O'Dell)
  • English Phrasal Verbs in Use. Advanced
  • English Collocations in Use
  • English Idioms in Use Intermediate
  • English Idioms in Use Advanced with Answers
  • Longman Language Activator


我学习英文的工具是?

基础工具

  • 笔记本
  • 红笔、黑笔
  • Anki
  • Google
  • Chrome 及翻译插件
  • Kindle 及柯林斯词典
  • Urban Dictionary(查俚语的)
  • 不背单词

阅读练习

  • Newsela
  • Inoreader
  • Seed
  • Yahoo News Digest
  • 英文原版书
  • 英文网站(Medium、Quora、Reddit、AMA)
  • 有道e读
  • 扇贝新闻

听力练习

  • Otto Radio
  • 朗易思听
  • Ask.fm
  • Pocket Casts
  • 扇贝听力

口语练习

  • 英语流利说
  • 微软小英
  • DAKA

写作和翻译

  • Medium、Quora、AMA 中进行回复
  • lettrs
  • TaleHunt
  • 扇贝炼句

综合测试

  • Quizlet
  • Elevate


我需要怎么做,养成什么习惯?

  1. 利用好 kindle,啃原版书(平日有余力或者周末进行)
  2. 每周 4-5 天,每天半小时用于正经的英文学习,并做好学习笔记;英语流利说每天 5-10 关,做笔记;定期总结学习历程,给自己找里程碑和成就感
  3. 多用英语写作,把我掌握的每个单词都真正变成我自己的单次,然后给有水平的老师批改

我需要用到什么方法,来检测和监督?

  1. 滴答清单建一个循环提醒,把我这篇文的链接贴上去,再加上我罗列的几条动力,我就不信打动不了我
  2. Trello 的写作 ing 看板,加上这个任务(啃原版书,一本书一条任务,看的进度和短评都写上去),可以考虑更新到小密圈里,或者也写在博客里好了
  3. 报名参加英文读书会,出去遛一圈就知道有没有提高了

参考@刘洋洋Bart的回答

看英文原著,记生单词

  1. i+1理论在实际应用中不能太死板,对一本书的兴趣才是最最重要的
  2. 怎么知道原著是i+1,最简单有效的办法就是拿起一本书,看正文的前10页,如果能看懂、猜懂70%的意思,同时你也很有兴趣读下去,那么这本书就是i+1
  3. 英语学习只有有了足够的输入,才能有输出,也就是说只有听、读的量到了,说、写才能有本质的改变
  4. 合理的记单词方法应该是,选择一个根据艾宾浩斯记忆规律设计的软件,不用过多考虑学单词的方法,也不用每天花太多时间,半小时最好,我们的精力应该放在学单词的目的听说读写上
  5. 持之以恒的做一件事,即使这件事对你来说没有意义,当你克服困难、惰性,坚持到底,你会发现,你已经磨练出了无比强韧的心性
  6. 与其不断在各种方法间折腾,还不如先坐下好好分析,如果你学英语的目的是为了看英文书、看英文新闻、看 Quora,你现在就应该去做,而不要觉得自己单词量不够、语法不好,不断的做准备工作,而不去阅读。借用一句穷游的格言,“如果你决定出发,那么旅行中最困难的部分已经结束。”

参考@黄白小猫的回答

单词的质量关键在两方面

  1. 你学习的单次对你是真正有用的吗?
  2. 你会用这些单词吗?使用的方式是正确的吗?

写作时要牢记以下原则

  1. 把语言使用的正确性永远放在第一位
  2. 把句子的高大上程度永远放在最后一位
  3. 尽量简明、扼要,使用最贴切、最简单的单词
  4. 要多背诵、多模仿英美人惯用的句型

学好英语听力和口语,该听什么练什么?

  1. 因材施教,你是什么专业或工作,就挺哪种类型的
  2. 电影里的英文工作中用不到,只能作为爱好和消遣
  3. 读英文的文学原著,是一种情怀… = = 没卵用
  4. 跟着原声,背诵著名的演讲,这才是地地道道的英语
  5. 不要浪费时间和生命,去做听读训练

贴一段肯尼迪的演说解析

We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom -- symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning -- signifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.
这句话背诵的目的是让你熟悉动词ing形式的用法。这段话里的很多生词都是非常常用的,可背。而且整个句子非常有气势。

The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe -- the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God.
长短句结合的写法值得学习

at issue / around the globe
都是很常用的词组。

We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans -- born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.

注意alike的用法。另外后面的排比句写法可以学习。中国人总是被英语长句子绕晕。其实长句子很简单,把后面那些从句干扰项去掉,句子主干就是 the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans,后面所有的排比都是在修饰这个new generation;与此同时,这句话本身也是作为word这个词引申出来的从句。

所以这段六行的超长句,就是let the word go forth.Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. 又是排比。简洁明快的动词使用,每个动词都值得学习。

This much we pledge -- and more.To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do -- for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.
United 是一个单词就作为一个条件从句,这种用法不常见,但可以熟悉。Divided同样。

To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom -- and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.

最后一句话是玩火自焚的英语地道说法,可以记忆。另一个需要注意的是 shall/should not have done sth 的用法,这个用法我看过无数人用错。far more iron tyranny 多好的词汇。什么情况下用more 不用形容词后面+er? 一般情况下就是形容词有两个以上音节的时候。另外,shall, should, must 这三个词如何区分?这也是一个语法重点和难点,如果你会完全正确使用(尤其是shall),基本就是大师级别了

To those people in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required -- not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.

Not because.. but because
作文中可以使用。最后一句话很有哲理,可以背诵。

To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in a new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.
cast off 词组记忆; 另外这段很多生词都是非常常用的。

To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support -- to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.world assembly of sovereign states
多牛逼的说法,可以学习。又是排比句用法。

Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.unleash engulf
多地道的词汇 。 另外就是情态动词 would / may / might 的用法,这是一组,和刚才 shall / should / must 一组都需要熟练掌握。不要指望一上来就把这两组全吃透,我见过很多说了十几年英语都没吃透的。

We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course -- both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.So let us begin anew -- remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.
最后一句 (let us never negotiate out of fear)又是简洁明快,可以用在写作和口语中。

Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms, and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.formulate proposals
正式商务词汇,必须学习。
目前为止上面几段,都是正常的长句子

Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce.
又是排比句,而且动词全是常用又好用

Let both sides unite to heed, in all corners of the earth, the command of Isaiah -- to "undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free."
先知以赛亚的名句也值得背诵

And, if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor -- not a new balance of power, but a new world of law -- where the strong are just, and the weak secure, and the peace preserved.All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.
Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days; nor in the life of this Administration; nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.
The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe.Now the trumpet summons us again -- not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need -- not as a call to battle, though embattled we are -- but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, "rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation,"² a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.
这段话尽管只有一句,但是多简洁明快?这就是英语长句的魅力,可以仔细钻研学习。

Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.
I do not shrink from this responsibility -- I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it. And the glow from that fire can truly light the world.And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.
上面两句话很经典,可以背诵

Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.

这一篇如果能在理解的基础上全背下来,你的英语能力瞬间上升一个档次。一定要听原声录音,跟着录音念,背诵。

@2017-06-04 18:41
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  • 学习了,博主这么多方法。

    分享一下我的方法,拿写作来说。

    1. 写。

    2. 找人看。

    3. 找错。

    4. 从1重复。

    阅读的时候,看到漂亮的句子,记录,尝试在 1 中 用到。